Study on Genetic Variability Phytochemical Constituents and Antibacterial Properties of Acacia nilotica

Abstract

newline The major aim and focus of this work is to study genetic variability in Acacia nilotica subsp. indica through RAPD markers, phytochemical constituents and analysis of bioactive plant metabolites through GC-MS and the antibacterial activity of extracts of plant leaves and bark against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial species. The plant material was collected from Jhansi, Datia, Shivpuri and Lucknow. Sixteen primers were used for RAPD analysis. All primers produced bands and depicted polymorphism in genome of plant. Total 1515 bands were obtained out of which 1063 bands show polymorphism and 452 bands are monomorphic. Percentage of polymorphism is about 70%. There are two major clusters and one minor cluster in phylogenetic tree. The clusters consist of eight genotypes, six genotypes and two genotypes. newlinePhytochemical analysis of leaves and bark extract of plant of twelve sites analyzed show that polyphenols, tannins and reducing sugar are present in leaf and bark of all samples. Phytochemicals such as phlobatannis, saponins terpenoids, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides are also present.Total 55 compounds were found in GC-MS analysis. The major compound in all samples is Inistol. The other compounds are Trimethylsilyl, Propanedioic acid, Threitol, Pipecolic acid, Uridine and Silane. newlineThe methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate extract of leaves and bark of all samples show good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Methanolic leaf extract of the plant population of Ambabai, Jhansi and bark extract of the plants of Panihar, Shivpuri show highest antimicrobial activity against all four bacteria. These two genotypes of A. nilotica subsp. indica have high therapeutic potential. The findings in this research justify use of this plant in ethno-medicine.