Querying multiple biological databases expressed in XML format

Abstract

One of the important functions of prayer, I believe. is to act as a newlinestimulus to creative ideas. Within the mind are all the resources newlinerequired for successful living. Ideas are present in the consciousness, newlinewhich when released and given scope to grow and take shape, can newlinelead to successful events. God, our Creator, has stored within our newlineminds and personalities, great potential strength and ability. Prayer newlinehelps us to tap and develop these powers. newlineDr APJ Abdul Kalam newlineABSTRACT newlineBiological databases represent an extraordinarily diverse collection of newlinebiological data. The creation of biological databases facilitated a convenient newlinemethod for representing and disseminating scientific information. There is a need newlinefor improvement in biological databases in several ways so as to provide adequate newlinesupport for the biologist in future. Since biological databases have no standard newlinerormat, and there are many types of biological databases classified according to newlinetheir properties, bio-ontologies became popular as a standard for representation of newlinebiological information. It defines the terms and concepts for representation of newlinebiological information. newlineBiological data is heterogeneous and highly diverse in nature, spread over newlinedatabases located at different geographical locations. Different sources offer newlinedifferent interfaces and querying capabilities. Hence bioinformatics sources are newlinedifficult and time-consuming for biologists to use in combination with one newlineanother. Various kinds of integration approaches have been used to integrate and newlinequery biological databases, like warehouse integration, mediator-based integra~ion, newlinenavigational integration and federated database approach. Their major drawbacks newlineare that the data can not be upgraded regularly as it is copied locally, the query newlineformulation is complex, and system maintenance is costly. newlineWe established manual mapping between different XML DTDs for newlinecorrelating the data through the use of BAO ontology.