Development of Proniosome Drug Delivery of Antifungal Drug for Permeation Through Skin

Abstract

This thesis deals with the pharmaceutical investigation carried out on the newlineformulation and evaluation of proniosomes containing miconazole nitrate for newlineskin targeting so as to decrease dosing frequency, maintain prolonged residence newlinetime and therapeutic levels, reduce the dose and to achieve better newlinepharmacological effect at the targeted site. As per literature reports available so newlinefar, proniosomes are a promising carrier for drug delivery and exhibit newlineimprovement over liposomes and niosomes in terms of better physical and newlinechemical stability. These novel proniosomal dosage forms alleviate oxidation, newlinehydrolysis, aggregation, and fusion and drug leakage problems associated with newlineconventional vesicular preparations. The main objective of this work was to newlinedevelop and evaluate the miconazole proniosomal gel formulation. Based on newlineliterature review studies, non ionic surface active agents - Span40, Span 60, newlinecholesterol, carbapol 934 and hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine were selected newlineas excipients. newlineAs a part of preformulation studies, Fourier Transform Infrared newlineSpectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Powder newlineX-ray Diffractometry (XRD) analytical techniques were used to get an insight on newlinesolid state properties of the drug and evaluate drug-excipient compatibility. DSC newlinestudies showed that miconazole nitrate was compatible with selected newlineadditives-lipid, polymer and membrane stabilizer. The complementary newlinetechniques-XRD, FTIR further confirmed the findings of thermal analysis. The newlinecoacervation phase separation method was used to prepare the proniosomes. newlineVarious compositions of formulations were tried using cholesterol, surface newlineactive agents and phosphatidyl choline to ensure drug entrapment and sustained newlinerelease. The prepared provesicles were evaluated for drug entrapment efficiency, newlinephysicochemical characteristics - vesicle size, shape, surface morphology using newlineScanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy newline(TEM) techniques...