Underwater routing protocols for Communication void avoidance using Wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Underwater communication with multihop strategies uses sensors newlineto communicate data to the sink/sonobuoy which is located on the top surface newlineof the ocean The pragmatic reason to reach the ocean surface is it has higher newlinepropagation speed The electromagnetic and optical communication has high newlinefrequency in underwater environment therefore it makes higher attenuation newlinecoefficient with its respective distance To overcome this limitation the newlineacoustic communication is incorporated in underwater environment newlineAcoustic communication has minimal attenuation and energy newlineconsumption in underwater environment Mobility of sensor nodes is due to newlineocean currents which inherently causes communication void Due to this newlinesensor nodes are unable to communicate with other sensor nodes The newlinecommunication void due to mobility problem leads to finding a proper newlinerecovery nod newline newline