DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Wireless communication started with the works of Maxwell and Hertz, by replacing the cables, with electromagnetic radio waves in the transmission medium between transmitter and receiver. With Marconi s invention of radio devices, it is emerging day to day as Broadcast radio, Television, Satellites, and Mobiles etc. So, multiple antennas are used for their multiple bands. For wireless antenna applications, irrespective of various bands, if one multi band antenna is used, it is beneficial in terms of compactness and less foot print. To meet this objective, multiband antenna with good performance has been proposed. newlineThis research work is to design and analyze low profile, microstrip patch antennas for wireless communication applications, where its performance is enhanced. The various structures attempted in the proposed design are: a) Fractal to increase the bandwidth, decrease the antenna size and achieve compactness b) Narrow slits at the edge to provide meandering effect in order to enable operation at lower frequencies c) Insertion of slots with an aim to improve bandwidth and achieve compactness d) Increase of microstrip patch dielectric substrate thickness to achieve broadband operation e) Stacking of substrate layers also to achieve broadband operation. Antennas with various structures based on the above techniques are designed, fabricated and tested for wireless communication bands between 0.5 GHz and 6 GHz. newlineProbe fed, microstripline fed rectangular patches along with C-shaped slot and slits on edges are designed for the frequency 2.45 GHz. Probe fed Circular patch with single slit and slot, and multi slits for 0.9 GHz are designed. Also fractal structures on microstrip patch antenna are designed. Circular patch antenna resonating frequencies at 0.9 GHz, and 2.6 GHz is designed. Hexadecagon (sixteen) sided circular patch antenna is designed with four fractal iterations. Octagonal shaped fractal exhibits wideband operation. With each iterations1 to 3 on Circular patch antenna, size reduction is achieved. Itera