A study of hydrotropy on solubility and mass transfer coefficient of organic solutes and drugs

Abstract

In the present work, a comprehensive study on the effect of hydrotropes such as citric acid, urea, nicotinamide, resorcinol, pyrogallol, sodium benzoate, sodium salicylate, sodium citrate, sodium thiosulphate,trisodium citrate,and sodium acetate on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of organic solutes such as benzamide and benzaldehyde has been carried out. Data on various aspects of hydrotropic study on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient for organic solutes and drugs using a mixture of hydrotropes have been provided for the first time. The experimental solubility data for various solutes at different temperatures have been analyzed using the modified setchenow equation. Consequent to the increase in solubility of the organic solutes, the mass transfer coefficient was also found to increase with increase in hydrotrope concentration. On the same lines, a threshold value which is nothing but MHC is to be maintained to have appreciable enhancement in mass transfer coefficient. To explain the various characteristics of hydrotropic study, Hansen and Hildebrand model which represents 3D solubility parameters i.e intermolecular forces including dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding force for solutes is presented. In order to determine the partition coefficient of solutes, Abraham general solvation model is applied. Artificial neural network was used to predict the thermo-physical properties of fomoditine drug. Pearson matrix method has been applied to correlate the thermo-physical properties of solutes. In addition graphical representations such as surface plot and design expert plot are provided to ascertain the maximum response for each solute-hydrotrope system. The implications of the study have been fully discussed and the scope for future research has been suggested. newline newline newline