Retrieval comparison and structural prediction of biological sequences

Abstract

The sequencing of genomic data needs methodologies to allow analysis and visualization. The emergence of genomic signal processing and development of graphical representation techniques are very important. DNA sequences are composed of millions of bases (A, T, G and C). Study of DNA sequence becomes convenient for biologists with the graphical visualization. There exist various representation methodologies for example 2-D and 3-D representations. 3-D representation approach is complicated due to its basic nature. Existing 2-D graphical representations have a major problem of degeneracy. Apart from this, 2-D graphical representations may not encompass the clear visualization of all features of DNA sequences. There exist another 2-D method of DNA representation called the DB-Curves (Dual Base Curves). This method solves some of the limitations in earlier 2-D methods of representations. Combination of DB Curves with earlier approach provides capabilities for easy observation and visualization of several properties of DNA sequences, also DB Curve method can avoid degeneracy. The choice of the graphical representation technique for DNA sequence affects how well its biological properties can be reflected in the graphical domain for visualization and analysis of the characteristics of special regions of interest within the DNA sequence. This thesis presents a summary of various graphical representation methods of DNA and their applications in retrieving and analyzing long DNA sequences. A discussion on the comparative merits and demerits of the various methods and conclusions has also been included. newlineEffective representation of long DNA sequences has led to several innovative techniques to provide useful ways of viewing, sorting, analyzing and comparing various sequences. Some 2-D and 3- D graphical representations of DNA sequences have been given by the researchers. In some cases graphical pattern of representation is useful and convenient, at the same time non graphical patterns of representations are also import