Probing the incomplete fusion reaction dynamics using light heavy ions

Abstract

The experimental work presented in this thesis has been carried out at the newlineInter-University Accelerator Center (IUAC)and#8727;, New Delhi-67, India, using newline15UD-Pelletron accelerator facilities (http://www.iuac.res.in) newlineand#8727;An autonomous Research Facility of University Grants Commission (UGC), Govt. newlineof India, New Delhi newlineiii newlineDo not believe in a thing because you have read about it in newlinea book. . .Do not believe in a thing because another man has newlinesaid it was true. . .Do not believe in words because they are newlinehallowed by tradition . . . find out the truth for yourself. Reason newlineit out. . . that is realization. . . newline- Swami Vivekananda newline1 newlineABSTRACT newlineThe journey to understand the fundamental nature of the matter, which has always been the quest for human being, starts in particular from the newline4th century. At that time Democritus believed that each kind of material could be sub-divided into the smallest indivisible element, invisible to the naked eye , called the atom and theory was referred to as atomism . The idea of atomism remained only a speculation, until investigators in the early 19th century applied the methods of experimental science to this problem and obtained the evidence needed to raise the idea of atomism to the level of a full-fledged scientific theory. The journey got accelerated with the discovery of radioactivity in 1896 by Becquerel , while investigating phosphorescence in uranium salts, which led to the realization that the radioactive elements spontaneously got transmuted into other elements[1]. The discovery was further verified with the identification of radio-activity in some materials by the Curies in 1898. J. J. Thomson [2], a year later, proposed a model of the atom known as plum pudding model in which it is perceived that the atom is like a large positively charged ball with negatively charged electrons embedded inside it. The model could account for the stability of atoms, but could not account for the discrete wavelengths observed in the spectra of light emitted from excited atoms.