Investigation on biomineralization of urinary calculi and synthesis of nanobiomaterials

Abstract

Quite a variety of materials occur as crystals in living organisms. The controlled formation of inorganic and organic minerals in the human body results in the biomineralization of crystalline and amorphous materials. There is an increasing interest in the study of crystal deposition diseases such as urinary stone formation, gallstone formation, gout etc., which would affect people of all ages to a considerable extent. The mechanism underlying the process of urinary stone formation is still poorly understood. The thesis consists of two main parts. The first part deals with the crystallization of calcium phosphate (CaP) and calcium oxalate (CaOx) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and the effect of metal ions in the conversion of AA to oxalate and subsequent crystallization, influence of metal ions on the crystallization of CaOx. In addition, this part also deals with the heterogeneous crysallization of CaP on CaOx using CaP seeds (hydroxyapatite Hap and brushite DCPD). The second part deals with the synthesis and characterization of nanobiomaterials such as nanoHAp (nHAp), nHAp/and#945;Al2O3, and nHAp/MgO composites for local drug delivery system. The second part of the thesis deals with the synthesis of biomaterials. Porous triphasic hydroxyapatite/(and#945; and ß) tricalcium phosphate was synthesized by hydrothermal technique using the CaP precursor prepared by the gel method. The XRD analysis confirmed the presence of both the phases, Hap with and#945;Al2O3 and Hap with MgO. The controlled release of CPF and RIF and the rapid release of CAZ from the green samples were observed. Young s modulus of the green samples were found to increased up to 30 wt% of oxide content with nHAp. The antibacterial activity of the nHAp/and#945;Al2O3 was high compared to that of MgO composites. Both the composites were found to have biocompatibility towards MG63 cells. The outcome of the studies has been published in National/International journals and conferences as cited in the references. newline