Fabrication and development of iosensor for corbonmonoxide detection in automotive vehicles

Abstract

ABSTRACT newlineTo a certain extent, all processes for energy conversion are associated with the newlineproduction of toxic by-products such as Carbon monoxide (CO) Oxides of Nitrogen newline(NOx) and aromatic hydro carbon. The significant part of Carbon monoxide and newlineOxides of Nitrogen emissions originates from exhaust of motor vehicles due to their newlinepoor maintenance, tremendous increase in their number, and use of out dated vehicles. newlineIndia is one of the largest automotive manufacturers in the world. Consequently, due newlineto the combustion of fossil fuels, the vehicle pollution has become the cause of major newlineconcern. All these pollutants due to their toxicity are harmful not only to human newlinebeings but also to plants. It is observed from both the gasoline/petrol or diesel newlinevehicles that the main component of automobile emission causing harm to human and newlineenvironment is carbon monoxide. newlineDetection of carbon monoxide plays a vital role for many scientific, household, newlineenvironmental and industrial applications. As per the Indian government Automotive newlineNorms for pollution checkup, the vehicle has to be taken to a Pollution Under Control newline(PUC) centre for the measurement of carbon monoxide present in the exhaust gases newlinereleased from vehicles. There is no in-situ measuring instrument for the detection of newlineCarbon monoxide while the vehicle is on road. The equipment and infrastructure at newlinethe Pollution Under Control centres are expensive and uses conventional sensors. As newlinean alternative, Biosensors which have got wide applications in medical field can offer newlinescope for their use in automotive applications. newlineBiosensors are analytical tools for the analysis of bio-material samples in medical newlinefield to gain an understanding of their bio-composition, structure and function by newlineconverting a biological response into an electrical signal. The biological recognition newlineelement (Sensing Technique) is functionalised with enzyme, antibodies, Deoxyribo newlineNucleic Acid (DNA), or cell membrane. The enzyme or Antibodies react with only newlineparticular analyte (sample) Antigen only. With thi