Isolation and Identification of Bioactive compounds from Wild Fleshy Fungi

Abstract

ABSTRACT newlineDiscovery of bioactivity in case of mushroom has been limited in India. Approximately, 700 species of higher Basidiomycetes have been found to possess significant pharmacological activities. It is highly perishable so it needs more facilities for protection. Wild mushrooms are most valued in Western Europe particularly France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland. So now it s time to value the wild mushrooms in India for their bioactivities. As we know the ratio of well investigated mushroom is low. newlineThis study reveals the full use of bioactive compounds isolated from edible and inedible fleshy fungi. 135 mushroom samples were collected during rainy season from different ecological regions of Himachal Pradesh in 2012. For my research work, there were 135 mushroom samples collected from 5 places (Kangra, Kullu, Shimla, Solan and Lahaul Spiti) of Himachal Pradesh. They were identified by Traditional method. 40 samples were isolated as pure culture. Subjected screening on the basis of antimicrobial activities through MTCC strains. Three bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC109), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 737), Escherichia coli (MTCC-739) and two fungal strains Candida albicans (MTCC-227), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (MTCC-8476), were obtained from IMTECH (Chandigarh, India). newlineThe minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were evaluated for the entire mushrooms. 10 samples revealed positive results (8/12, 33/12, 42/12, 45/12, 48/12, 110/12, 112/12, 133/12 and 134/12). These screened samples subjected for microscopic study. On the basis of microscopic result some revealed as similar result of spores and hyphae. Then finally 5 samples (8/12, 33/12, 45/12, 48/12 and 112/12) were selected for further study (antagonistic study, optimization, isolation of bioactive compound). The samples were screened on the basis of antimicrobial activity. Molecular identification of selected fungus was performed by sequence analyses from the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes. The Phylogenetic affiliation of the isolated mycelia were evaluated by comparison of their ITS sequences. Selected five mushrooms identified as Clitopilus scyphoides, Irpex lacteus, Agrocybe pediades, Trametes ochracea, Agaricus sp. newlineBioactive compounds of selected mushrooms were isolated and identified by GC-MS different methods. Two organic fractions were prepared i.e. ethyl acetate and methanol extract. There were 57 compounds identified by using GC-MS and confirmed the broad spectra of bioactivity like antitumor antimicrobial, antimalarial, imunomodulatory newlineXI newlineHypocholesterolemic, anticancer, antihistaminic, Antiacne potential. Therefore in this study we focused the awareness for wild mushrooms as biologically active compounds with medicinal potential. newline