Synthesis surface and physico chemical properties micellization and soil washing efficiencies of C12 C16 alkyl polyglucosides APGs

Abstract

The thesis deals with the synthesis characterization and mixed micellization of alkyl polyglucosides surfactants APGs derived from dextrose anhydride and fatty alcohols The effect of catalysts viz para toluene sulfonic acid PTSA and sulfo succinic acid SSA on the synthesis of series of APGs APG12 APG14 and APG16 have been studied Physico chemical properties such as dispersion emulsification wetting foaming and hard water tolerance were also investigated Increasing the size of the hydrophobic tail group increased the dispersion properties further The wetting properties of the APG surfactants were found to be poor and their foaming properties decreased with increase of hydrophobic chain length with low aqueous solubility Mixed micellization activity of APGs has been investigated with the cationic cetyl trimethylammonium bromide CTAB and dodecyl trimethylammonium chloride DTAC through tensiometric studies The detailed investigation of their molecular interactions and thermodynamic evaluation revealed that APG12 have moderate interaction with the cationic molecules However the strong interactions have been observed in all cases in the lower mole fraction of cationic surfactants The negative and#946; value increased with the increase of alkyl chain length from APG12 to APG14 and APG16 which indicated the increased synergism The mixed micelles of APGs with cationic surfactants showed better improvements in their wetting foaming than that of the pure APGs The emulsification property of DTAC has shown improvement with the mixing of APGs The results of soil washing studies of APGs APG12 indicated that the biodegradable lesser toxic APG12 are more effective in residual oil removal than that of the Brij 58 and Tween 20 The residual oil removal efficiency of APG12 was 15 times higher than that of the double distilled water newline newline